First evidence for cheese making at 8000 BP in northern Europe

http://www.nature.com.ezproxy.lib.utexas.edu/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature11698.html

Mmmmmmm.... cheeeese.

Just in case you don't know what cheese is:

http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezproxy.lib.utexas.edu/science/article/pii/S096098221200659

cultural skull modification

How did prehistoric man survive trepanation? Evidence of healed bone after trepanation fascinates us, since the first successful trepanation in history is from 1891. How did they do it?

I'm a bad student

Stries d'arret de croisance. Seulement visibles sur l'os spongieux.

Should be present on all long bones i.e. more or less symmetric lines on tibia and femur physial region

indicateur de stress, mais étiologies variées et mal connues

Mal de Pott = seul indicateur certain de TB vertebral

Tréponématose
=syphilis
=pian

TB
=typique
=LOMAT

Bone Tumors

métastases sont exceptionelles avant 40

ostéosarcome

Resnick, Diagnosis of Bone and Joint Disorders

Diagnose

• Age
• Localisation des lesions
• Nombre de lesions
• Aspect macroscopique et radiologique
• Est-ce un trama? infection?

périoste répare des fractures

pour mille métastases il y a un tumor malignant primaire

Bone fractures

How bone heals:

http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/405699_6

trépanation

marqueurs osseux d'activité

enthèse

bursites

bourse séreuse empêche contact direct os et tendon

He sucks so bad at English. Half of the time I don't even realize he's using English words. He just said Bottom's Weaver.

Why do French people insist on saying anglo-saxon this anglo-saxon that. Wouldn't it be easier to just say 'anglais' ? I'm sure 90% of the time he's applying anglo-saxon to a word that was never used between 550 and 1066.

So it turns out that when analyzing bone pathologies due to various activities it is best to take into account the archeological context. Fascinating please tell me more.

Sometimes hard to tell whether or not the bone has changed because of repeated use or just the violence of a few events.

SNS spondylarthropathies
AS spondylarthrite ankylosante
PR polyarthrite rhumatoide

polyarthrite rhumatoide
-inflammation chronique
--articulations synoviales
--tissus de conjonction
-cause inconue
--autoimmune (hlr dr4 dw4
--liée à la présence d'IG anormale
--facteurs environnementaux
-maladie de femme (3/4 des cas)
-20-50ans
-1-2% de la pop

most common in hands, but can affect all joints

origine dans le nouveau monde?

HLA B27 associé a 50% RhPS à 95% pour SPA

spondylarthrite ankylosante
-homme jeune 15-30ans
connu depuis néolithique

basically the entire spinal column fuses and transverse condyles go batshit crazy. Nasty shit.

Ostéoporose

ostéoporose idiopathique

type 1 femme prost ménauposée
type 2 femme et homme

perte d'os trabéculaire et corticale

ossification des ligaments du rachis = "coulée de bougie"

hyperostose diffuses = ossification enthèses insertion ligamentaires "exubérant"

l. exuberare « abonder, déborder »

la cause est inconnue

Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis
(DISH or Forestier's Disease)

Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) is considered a form of degenerative arthritis or osteoarthritis. However, DISH is characterized by unique, flowing calcification along the sides of the contiguous vertebrae of the spine. And, very unlike typical degenerative arthritis, it's also commonly associated with inflammation (tendinitis) and calcification of tendons at their attachments points to bone. This can lead to the formation of bone spurs, such as heel spurs. In fact, heel spurs are common among individuals with DISH. DISH has also been called Forestier's disease.

os "coulée" est 'deux fois plus costaud' que l'os corticale normale. hypertose reste alors que le rachis est mangé

Arthrose

arthrose = pas de standards pour parler de la sévérité
détérioration/érosion du cartilage plutôt après 45 ans, 80% des cas après 70ans

primitive = idiopathique
secondaire = trauma activités infection inflammation

causes = age, genetique, surpoids, autres...

ostéophytose périarticulaire 'lipping'

= too much pressure on bad articulation = l'organisme essaie d'augmenter la surface de contacte pour reduire la pression sur la zone de contacte.

pitting = microporosités

éburnation = polissage ivory-like

sillons

remodelage de la surface articulaire

L'ankylose (du grec αγκυλος, tordu, de travers) est une fixation et une immobilité d'une articulation, ayant pour origine une blessure ou une maladie.

stade ultime de l'arthrose = fusion des os

Tattersall 2000

Harking back to Weidenreich 13 and his belief that each of today’s human “races” has roots deep in time (“Java Man” having given rise to modern aboriginal Australians, for example, and “Peking Man” to modern Chinese), multiregional continuity in its most recent incarnation claims that all evolutionary developments in the hominid line subsequent to Homo habilis (whatever that is) have taken place within the single species Homo sapiens.

p.4

Tattersall I. (2000). Paleoanthropology : the last half-century. Evolutionary Anthropology 9(1): 2-16.

The emboldened text is a weasley way to set up a straw-man. Nobody thinks that, as it implies that they evolved seperately.

Paléodemographie

"La restitution des structures par âges et par sexes à partir de l’étude anthropologique des cimetières." -Masset 1990

Intégration via profil paléodemographique
-Représentativité?